Chapter 8 (Strings in Details and Function of String)

String:-

It is a collection of characters or a character-type array.

char a[30];

In any string, we can assign a maximum of (n-1) characters because the nth character will always be null.

How to initialize  a String:-

Char a[30]="Welcome";

I/O function of String:

1. Scanf():- is a formatted function used to input every type of data, including strings.

char a[30];

scanf("%s",&a);

In scanf(), when it reads the blank space, String will automatically terminate.

2. gets(): An unformatted function used to input only string data, including blank spaces.

char a[50];

gets(a);

3. Printf():- formatted function used to print any type of data.

printf("%s",a);

4. puts(): an unformatted function used to print only string data, always from a new line.

puts(a);

String Library Function:-

#Include<string.h>

1. strlen():- String Length Function

It returns the no. of character present in given string

Example:-

char a[30]="welcome";

char b[30]="hello";

char c[30]="ji";

int n,n1;

n=strlen(a);//string length

printf("The lenght is %d\n",n);

2. strcpy():- String copy Function

It is use to copy assign one string into another string.

Example:-

char a[30]="welcome";

char b[30]="hello";

char c[30]="ji";

int n,n1;

strcpy(a,b);//string copy

printf("Copy is %s\n",a);

3.strcat():- String concatenation function

It is use to merge one string into another.

Example:-

char a[30]="welcome";

char b[30]="hello";

char c[30]="ji";

int n,n1;

strcat(b,c);//string concatenate

printf("Concatenate string is %s\n",b);

4.stringcmp():- String Compare function

It compare the two strings according to the ASCII value of that 1st character which is different in both.

Example:-

char a[30]="welcome";

char b[30]="hello";

char c[30]="ji";

int n,n1;

n1=strcmp(a,b);

printf("%d",n1);

if((a,b)==0)//string compare

{

printf("Strings are equal");

}

else

{

printf("Strings are not equal");

}

Explaination of above all string library function in one Example:-

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void main()

{

char a[30]="welcome";

char b[30]="hello";

char c[30]="ji";

int n,n1;

clrscr();

n=strlen(a);//string length

printf("The lenght is %d\n",n);

/*.............................*/

strcpy(a,b);//string copy

printf("Copy is %s\n",a);

/*............................*/

strcat(b,c);//string concatenate

printf("Concatenate string is %s\n",b);

/*............................*/

n1=strcmp(a,b);

printf("%d",n1);

if((a,b)==0)//string compare

{

printf("Strings are equal");

}

else

{

printf("Strings are not equal");

}

getch();

}